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On a two-wire bus, hundreds of master and slave devices can communicate serial data using the I2C protocol.

The I2C bus has only two wires: one is a data line (SDA) and one is a clock line (SCL). The I2C, or TWI, is a synchronous master-slave serial communication protocol originally developed by Philips Semiconductors (which is now NXP). Now, in this tutorial, we’ll learn about synchronous serial communication in Arduino using the inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus. SPI bus is used for full-duplex synchronous serial communication with multiple devices. The I2C or two-wire interface (TWI) is used for half-duplex synchronous serial communication with multiple devices in a master-slave fashion. UART is useful for full-duplex serial communication with a single device over two wires. The universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), I2C, and SPI are the most commonly used serial interfaces in embedded systems. In previous tutorials, we’ve covered serial communication using the UART and software serial in Arduino.